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Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the process where breast milk is fed to a child. [1] [2] Breast milk may be from the breast, or may be pumped and fed to the infant. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that breastfeeding begin within the first hour of a baby's birth and continue as the baby wants. [3]
Nutrition and pregnancy refers to the nutrient intake, and dietary planning that is undertaken before, during and after pregnancy. Nutrition of the fetus begins at conception. For this reason, the nutrition of the mother is important from before conception (probably several months before) as well as throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young. The process naturally occurs with all sexually mature female mammals, although it may predate mammals. [1] The process of feeding milk in all female creatures is called nursing, and in humans it is also called ...
Meanwhile, breastfeeding quality within the first 48 hours of birth, indicated by signs of successful lactation such as nipple discomfort, is inversely correlated with DOL. [9] This association can be attributed to insufficient nipple stimulation and breast emptying for stimulating lactogenesis II, as a result of low breastfeeding quality.
Breastfeeding within the first hour of life protects the newborn from acquiring infections and reduces risk of death during the neonatal period. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Alternatively, breast milk can be expressed using a breast pump and administered via baby bottle , cup, spoon, supplementation drip system, or nasogastric tube . [ 5 ]
Peer support techniques can be used before, during, and after pregnancy to encourage exclusive breastfeeding, particularly among groups with low breastfeeding rates. Breastfeeding peer counselors, who are ideally women who have breastfed who can provide information, support, and troubleshooting to mothers, have had a positive effect on the ...