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A surgical incision is a cut made through the skin and soft tissue to facilitate an operation or procedure. Often, multiple incisions are possible for an operation. In general, a surgical incision is made as small and unobtrusive as possible to facilitate safe and timely operating conditions and recovery.
The wound can be allowed to close by secondary intention. Alternatively, if the infection is cleared and healthy granulation tissue is evident at the base of the wound, the edges of the incision may be reapproximated, such as by using butterfly stitches , staples or sutures .
The most common incision for laparotomy is a vertical incision in the middle of the abdomen which follows the linea alba. [citation needed] The upper midline incision usually extends from the xiphoid process to the umbilicus. A typical lower midline incision is limited by the umbilicus superiorly and by the pubic symphysis inferiorly.
Tears are classified into four categories: [4] [5] First-degree tear: laceration is limited to the fourchette and superficial perineal skin or vaginal mucosa; Second-degree tear: laceration extends beyond fourchette, perineal skin and vaginal mucosa to perineal muscles and fascia, but not the anal sphincter
The orientation of stab wounds relative to Langer's lines can have a considerable impact upon the presentation of the wound. [4] Langer's lines include breast static tension lines, which mark a guide for breast surgery incisions. [5] Keloids are more common when incision is given across Langer's lines.
Wound closure is performed with sutures (stitches), staples, or adhesive tape or glue. Primary intention can only be implemented when the wound is precise and there is minimal disruption to the local tissue and the epithelial basement membrane, e.g. surgical incisions. [102] This process is faster than healing by secondary intention. [101]
The last-minute filing details the injuries sustained by Paul and Maggie Murdaugh based on autopsy information, photos of the victims and evidence collected by the crime scene investigators.
The large surgical incision may become infected. [1] Fever and sepsis may occur. [1] The kidneys may be damaged, usually due to reduced blood flow and ischaemia. [1] Embolisms may occur. [1] After pelvic exenteration, many patients will have perineal hernia, often without symptoms, but only 3–10% will have perineal hernia requiring surgical ...