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The idea of a Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film was first proven feasible in 1917 when Irving Langmuir (Langmuir, 1917) showed that single water-surface monolayers could be transferred to solid substrates. 18 years later, Katharine Blodgett made an important scientific advance when she discovered that several of these single monolayer films could be stacked on top of one another to make multilayer ...
The chemical reactions and mechanism in the blue bottle experiment rely on the oxidation of a sugar with the aid of air and a redox dye in a basic solution. Other variations of this reaction have been reported that use four families of redox dyes: thiazines , oxazines , azines , and indigo carmine have all been reported to work with glucose and ...
The iodine clock reaction is a classical chemical clock demonstration experiment to display chemical kinetics in action; it was discovered by Hans Heinrich Landolt in 1886. [1] The iodine clock reaction exists in several variations, which each involve iodine species ( iodide ion, free iodine, or iodate ion) and redox reagents in the presence of ...
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. [1] It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances.
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. [1] When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an energy change as new products are generated.
The chemical chameleon is a redox reaction, well known from classroom demonstrations, that exploits the dramatic color changes associated with the various oxidation states of manganese. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
In chemistry, chromism is a process that induces a change, often reversible, in the colors of compounds. In most cases, chromism is based on a change in the electron states of molecules, especially the π- or d-electron state, so this phenomenon is induced by various external stimuli which can alter the electron density of substances. It is ...
Thermochemistry is the study of the heat energy which is associated with chemical reactions and/or phase changes such as melting and boiling. A reaction may release or absorb energy, and a phase change may do the same. Thermochemistry focuses on the energy exchange between a system and its surroundings in the form of heat. Thermochemistry is ...