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Normal total protein levels are not sufficient to rule out multiple myeloma or other malignant paraproteinemias, but they may also be the cause of moderate-to-marked hyperproteinemia. To determine the reason behind the elevated serum total protein, a serum protein electrophoresis should be carried out.
Hypoproteinemia is a condition where there is an abnormally low level of protein in the blood. There are several causes that all result in edema once serum protein levels fall below a certain threshold.
In the blood plasma, albumin makes up 55 to 60% of total plasma protein by mass, with globulins making up a large part of the rest. In hypoalbuminemia, the amount of albumin in the intravascular space or blood plasma is what is being measured, meaning that abnormal distribution within the two compartments may contribute to a relative ...
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a plasma cell dyscrasia in which plasma cells or other types of antibody-producing cells secrete a myeloma protein, i.e. an abnormal antibody, into the blood; this abnormal protein is usually found during standard laboratory blood or urine tests.
Monoclonal gammopathy, also known as paraproteinemia, is the presence of excessive amounts of myeloma protein or monoclonal gamma globulin in the blood. It is usually due to an underlying immunoproliferative disorder or hematologic neoplasms , especially multiple myeloma .
The AA protein is mainly deposited in the liver, spleen and kidney, and AA amyloidosis can lead to nephrotic syndrome and ESRD. [17] [18] Natural history studies show, however, that it is the kidney involvement that drives the progression of the disease. In general, old age, reduced serum albumin concentration, end stage kidney failure, and ...
Cryoglobulinemia is a medical condition in which the blood contains large amounts of cryoglobulins (abnormal proteins in the blood) that become insoluble at low temperatures. [1] This should be contrasted with cold agglutinins , which cause agglutination of red blood cells .
Amyloidosis is a group of diseases in which abnormal proteins, known as amyloid fibrils, build up in tissue. [4] There are several non-specific and vague signs and symptoms associated with amyloidosis. [5] These include fatigue, peripheral edema, weight loss, shortness of breath, palpitations, and feeling faint with standing. [5]