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Interaural intensity difference (IID) or interaural level difference (ILD) – Sound from the right side has a higher level at the right ear than at the left ear, because the head shadows the left ear. These level differences are highly frequency dependent and they increase with increasing frequency.
Interaural time difference (ITD) between left (top) and right (bottom) ears. (sound source: 100 ms white noise from 90° azimuth, 0° elevation). The interaural time difference (or ITD) when concerning humans or animals, is the difference in arrival time of a sound between two ears.
By using the difference of arrival times of a sound at the two microphones, one can mathematically estimate the direction of the sound source. However, the accuracy with which an array of microphones can localize a sound (using Interaural time difference) is fundamentally limited by the physical size of the array. If the array is too small ...
This bi-coordinate sound localization is accomplished through two binaural cues: the interaural time difference (ITD) and the interaural level difference (ILD), also known as the interaural intensity difference (IID). The ability in owls is unusual; in ground-bound mammals such as mice, ITD and ILD are not utilized in the same manner.
The lateral superior olive (LSO) is believed to be involved in measuring the difference in sound intensity between the ears (the interaural level difference or ILD). The ILD is a second major cue in determining the azimuth of high-frequency sounds.
Knudsen followed this discovery with research into specific sound localization mechanisms. Two main auditory cues used by the barn owl to localize sound are interaural time difference (ITD) and interaural intensity difference (IID). The owl’s ears are asymmetric, with the right ear’s opening being directed higher than that of the left.
ILD (also known as Interaural Intensity Difference) arises when the sound source is not centred, the listener's head partially shadows the ear opposite to the source, diminishing the intensity of the sound in that ear (particularly at higher frequencies). The pinnae filters the sound in a way that is directionally dependent. This is ...
A sound arising to one side reaches the near ear before the far ear (creating an interaural time difference, ITD), and will also be louder at the near ear (creating an interaural level difference, ILD – also known as interaural intensity difference, IID). These binaural cues allow sounds to be lateralized.