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In computer operating systems, a process (or task) may wait for another process to complete its execution. In most systems, a parent process can create an independently executing child process . The parent process may then issue a wait system call , which suspends the execution of the parent process while the child executes.
Async methods usually return either void, Task, Task<T>, [13]: 35 [16]: 546–547 [1]: 22, 182 ValueTask or ValueTask<T>. [ 13 ] : 651–652 [ 1 ] : 182–184 User code can define custom types that async methods can return through custom async method builders but this is an advanced and rare scenario. [ 17 ]
When one thread starts executing the critical section (serialized segment of the program) the other thread should wait until the first thread finishes. If proper synchronization techniques [ 1 ] are not applied, it may cause a race condition where the values of variables may be unpredictable and vary depending on the timings of context switches ...
Steps 1a and 1b can occur in either order, with 1c usually occurring after them. While the thread is sleeping and in c's wait-queue, the next program counter to be executed is at step 2, in the middle of the "wait" function/subroutine. Thus, the thread sleeps and later wakes up in the middle of the "wait" operation.
wait normally returns the exit status of the last job which terminated. It may also return 127 in the event that n specifies a non-existent job or zero if there were no jobs to wait for. Because wait needs to be aware of the job table of the current shell execution environment, it is usually implemented as a shell builtin .
A process is a program in execution, and an integral part of any modern-day operating system (OS). The OS must allocate resources to processes, enable processes to share and exchange information, protect the resources of each process from other processes and enable synchronization among processes.
Implementations of the fork–join model will typically fork tasks, fibers or lightweight threads, not operating-system-level "heavyweight" threads or processes, and use a thread pool to execute these tasks: the fork primitive allows the programmer to specify potential parallelism, which the implementation then maps onto actual parallel execution. [1]
The location of process schedulers in a simplified structure of the Linux kernel. The Brain Fuck Scheduler (BFS) is a process scheduler designed for the Linux kernel in August 2009 based on earliest eligible virtual deadline first scheduling (EEVDF), [2] as an alternative to the Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS) and the O(1) scheduler. [3]