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Fluoride or fluorine deficiency is a disorder which may cause increased dental caries [1] and possibly osteoporosis, [2] [3] due to a lack of fluoride in diet. [4] [5] Common dietary sources of fluoride include tea, grape juice, wine, raisins, some seafood, coffee, and tap water that has been fluoridated. [6]
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is an inorganic compound with the formula Na F.It is a colorless or white solid that is readily soluble in water. It is used in trace amounts in the fluoridation of drinking water to prevent tooth decay, and in toothpastes and topical pharmaceuticals for the same purpose.
Identified risk factors include low dietary calcium or phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, boron, iron, fluoride, copper, vitamins A, K, E and C (and D where skin exposure to sunlight provides an inadequate supply). Excess sodium is a risk factor. High blood acidity may be diet-related, and is a known antagonist of bone. [47]
In fact, 75% of fluoride intake comes from drinking water with added fluoride and from food and beverages, such as sodas and fruit juice, made with fluoridated water, according to the CDC.
Dr. Dean's research on the fluoride-dental caries relationship, published in 1942, included 7,000 children from 21 cities in Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. The study concluded that the optimal amount of fluoride which minimized the risk of severe fluorosis but had positive benefits for tooth decay was 1 mg per day, per adult.
[53] [54] [55] A case of a fatal poisoning of an adult with 4 grams of sodium fluoride is documented, [56] and a dose of 120 g sodium fluoride has been survived. [57] For sodium fluorosilicate (Na 2 SiF 6 ), the median lethal dose (LD 50 ) orally in rats is 125 mg/kg, corresponding to 12.5 g for a 100 kg adult.
Fluoride therapy typically uses the sodium fluoride form, though stannous fluoride may also be used. [4] [5] Fluoride decreases breakdown of teeth by acids, promotes remineralisation, and decreases the activity of bacteria. [5] Fluoride works primarily through direct contact with teeth. [3] [5] Fluoride came into use to prevent tooth decay in ...
In 1984 the World Health Organization recommended a guideline maximum fluoride value of 1.5 mg/L as a level at which fluorosis should be minimal, reaffirming it in 2006. [ 50 ] Fluoridation has little effect on risk of bone fracture (broken bones); it may result in slightly lower fracture risk than either excessively high levels of fluoridation ...