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In chestnuts, disease symptoms may also be called blossom end rot. Browning of the chestnut burs at the blossom end may be a first sign in August. At harvest time, blackening of pointed end of the chestnut shell and kernel indicates infection. The extent of blackening can be variable.
Gnomoniopsis castaneae (synonym Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi) is a fungus of the order Diaporthales [2] that is the most important cause of brown chestnut rot, [3] an emerging disease [4] that damages the fruit of chestnuts. It also causes cankers and necrosis on leaves and on chestnut galls caused by the gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus. [5]
Browning of the chestnut burs at the blossom end may be a first sign in August. At harvest time, blackening of pointed end of the chestnut shell and kernel indicates infection. The extent of blackening can vary. It can range from a barely visible black tip of the kernel to the whole nut being black.
Young tree in natural habitat American chestnut male (pollen) catkins. Castanea dentata is a rapidly-growing, large, deciduous hardwood eudicot tree. [20] A singular specimen manifest in Maine has attained a height of 115 feet (35 m) [21] Pre-blight sources give a maximum height of 100 feet (30 m) and a maximum circumference of 13 feet (4.0 m). [22]
The shell is a green, spiky capsule containing one (rarely two or three) nut-like seeds called conkers or horse-chestnuts. Each conker is 2–4 cm ( 3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) in diameter, glossy nut-brown with a whitish scar at the base.
The horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella) is a leaf-mining moth of the family Gracillariidae. The horse-chestnut leaf miner was first observed in North Macedonia in 1984, and was described as a new species in 1986. [1] [2] Its larvae are leaf miners on the common horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum).
Curculio sayi, the small or lesser chestnut weevil, is a species of true weevil in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. [1] [2] [3] The lesser chestnut weevil is found in North America. [1] The distribution of this species extends from Canada and Massachusetts to North Carolina, Tennessee, and Ohio, and probably farther westward.
Castanea crenata is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 10–15 m (30–50 ft) tall. The leaves are similar to those of the sweet chestnut, though usually a little smaller, 8–19 cm (3 + 1 ⁄ 4 – 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long and 3–5 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 4 –2 in) broad.