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The history of South America is the study of the past, particularly the written record, oral histories, and traditions, passed down from generation to generation on the continent of South America. The continent continues to be home to indigenous peoples, some of whom built high civilizations prior to the arrival of Europeans in the late 1400s ...
Before the Spanish colonization of the Americas, many of the indigenous peoples of South America were hunter-gatherers and indeed many still are, especially in the Amazon rainforest. Others, especially the Andean cultures , practised sophisticated agriculture, utilized advanced irrigation and kept domesticated livestock , such as llamas and ...
The Circum-Caribbean cultural region was characterized by anthropologist Julian Steward, who edited the Handbook of South American Indians. [1] It spans indigenous peoples in the Caribbean, Central American, and northern South America, the latter of which is listed here.
The South American highlands became a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru, [163] from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex.
Schematic illustration of maternal (mtDNA) gene-flow in and out of Beringia, from 25,000 years ago to present. The genetic history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas is divided into two distinct periods: the initial peopling of the Americas from about 20,000 to 14,000 years ago (20–14 kya), and European contact, after about 500 years ago.
Latin American countries (green) in the Americas. Latin America (Spanish: América Latina or Latinoamérica; Portuguese: América Latina; French: Amérique latine) is the region of the Americas where Romance languages (i.e., those derived from Latin)—particularly Spanish and Portuguese, as well as French—are primarily spoken.
The indigenous population is also a significant element in most other countries in South America. People who identify as of primarily or totally European descent, or identify their phenotype as corresponding to such group, are a majority in Uruguay, [89] Argentina [90] and Chile (64.7%), [91] and are 43.5% of the population in Brazil.
The human history of the Americas is thought to begin with people migrating to these areas from Asia during the height of an ice age. These groups are generally believed to have been isolated from the people of the " Old World " until the coming of Europeans in the 1492 with the voyages of Christopher Columbus .