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  2. Malay orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_orthography

    The Malay alphabet has a phonemic orthography; words are spelled the way they are pronounced, with a notable defectiveness: /ə/ and /e/ are both written as E/e.The names of the letters, however, differ between Indonesia and rest of the Malay-speaking countries; while Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore follow the letter names of the English alphabet, Indonesia largely follows the letter names of ...

  3. History of the Malay language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Malay_language

    Proto-Malayic is the language believed to have existed in prehistoric times, spoken by the early Austronesian settlers in the region. Its ancestor, the Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language that derived from Proto-Austronesian, began to break up by at least 2000 BCE as a result possibly by the southward expansion of Austronesian peoples into the Philippines, Borneo, Maluku and Sulawesi from the ...

  4. Terengganu Inscription Stone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terengganu_Inscription_Stone

    Use of the Letter Nya (ڽ) - Based on the consonants found on the Terengganu Inscribed Stone, there were consonant sounds in Classical Malay that were not found in the Arabic alphabet. Letters of this type include ca (چ) in acara (event) ( احارا ), nga (ڠ) in dengan (with) ( دعں ), pa (ڤ) in pada (to) ( فدا ), ga (ݢ) in pinggang ...

  5. Kelantan–Pattani Malay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelantan–Pattani_Malay

    Kelantan–Pattani Malay (Malay: bahasa Melayu Kelantan–Patani; Thai: ภาษายาวี; baso/kecek Taning in Pattani; baso/kecek Klate in Kelantan) is an Austronesian language of the Malayic subfamily spoken in the Malaysian state of Kelantan, as well as in Besut and Setiu districts of Terengganu state and the Perhentian Islands, and in the southernmost provinces of Thailand.

  6. Congress Spelling System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_Spelling_System

    The Congress Spelling System (Malay: Ejaan Kongres) is a spelling reform of Malay Rumi Script introduced during the third Malay Congress held in Johor Bahru and Singapore in 1956. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The main characteristics of the system are the use of symbols in the Americanist phonetic notation , going by the dictum of one symbol for one ...

  7. Ulu scripts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulu_scripts

    [11] [3] [e] This is equivalent to the word "alphabet," which is derived from the names of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet (Α-Β, alpha-beta), and the word "abjad," which is derived from the names of the first four letters of the Arabic alphabet (ا-ب-ج-د, alif-ba-jim-dal).

  8. Jawi script - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawi_script

    Jawi is based on the Arabic script, consisting of all 31 original Arabic letters, six letters constructed to fit phonemes native to Malay, and one additional phoneme used in foreign loanwords, but not found in Classical Arabic, which are ca ( چ ‎ /t͡ʃ/), nga ( ڠ ‎ /ŋ/), pa ( ڤ ‎ /p/), ga ( ݢ ‎ /ɡ/), va ( ۏ ‎ /v/), and nya ...

  9. Malay language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_language

    The history of the Malay language can be divided into five periods: Old Malay, the Transitional Period, the Classical Malay, Late Modern Malay and Modern Malay. Old Malay is believed to be the actual ancestor of Classical Malay. [16] Old Malay was influenced by Sanskrit, the classical language of India. Sanskrit loan words can be found in Old ...