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The reverse reaction, where a carbon-carbon bond is broken, is known as carbon-carbon bond activation. Some examples of reactions which form carbon–carbon bonds are the aldol reaction, Diels–Alder reaction, Grignard reaction, cross-coupling reactions, the Michael reaction and the Wittig reaction.
For example, in 2021 Dong Group described the first enantioselective total synthesis of the natural product penicibilaenes using a late-stage carbon-carbon bond activation strategy. [12] There are also a lot of other examples highlighting the potential of carbon-carbon bond activation strategies in the total synthesis of complex natural ...
Organic carbon compounds are far more numerous than inorganic carbon compounds. In general bonds of carbon with other elements are covalent bonds. Carbon is tetravalent but carbon free radicals and carbenes occur as short-lived intermediates. Ions of carbon are carbocations and carbanions are also short-lived. An important carbon property is ...
Carbon atoms bond readily to other carbon atoms; this allows the building of arbitrarily long macromolecules and polymers in a process known as catenation. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ] "What we normally think of as 'life' is based on chains of carbon atoms, with a few other atoms, such as nitrogen or phosphorus", per Stephen Hawking in a 2008 lecture ...
Carbon-based compounds form the basis of all known life on Earth, and the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle provides a small portion of the energy produced by the Sun, and most of the energy in larger stars (e.g. Sirius). Although it forms an extraordinary variety of compounds, most forms of carbon are comparatively unreactive under normal conditions.
For example, carbon-containing compounds such as alkanes (e.g. methane CH 4) and its derivatives are universally considered organic, but many others are sometimes considered inorganic, such as halides of carbon without carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon bonds (e.g. carbon tetrachloride CCl 4), and certain compounds of carbon with nitrogen and ...
The structure of carbodicarbenes greatly resembles that of carbodiphosphoranes. [4] Computational data for a N-methyl-substituted carbodicarbene predicted a carbon-carbon bond with a length only marginally longer than a C=C bond in a typical allene at 1.358 Å (compared with 1.308 Å for allene), but with a significantly bent bond angle of 131.8° (compared to 180° for a standard linear ...
Double bonds occur most commonly between two carbon atoms, for example in alkenes. Many double bonds exist between two different elements: for example, in a carbonyl group between a carbon atom and an oxygen atom. Other common double bonds are found in azo compounds (N=N), imines (C=N), and sulfoxides (S=O).