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Some types of residential elevators do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room, and elevator hoistway. This allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation. The ASME board first approved machine-room-less systems in a revision of the ASME A17.1 in 2007.
If the service core (which contains the elevator shafts) becomes too big, it can reduce the profitability of the building. Architects must therefore balance the value gained by adding height against the value lost to the expanding service core. [10] Many tall buildings use elevators in a non-standard configuration to reduce their footprint.
A December 1930 feature in Popular Mechanics estimated that a building with the Empire State's dimensions would still stand even if hit with an impact of 50 short tons (45 long tons). [48] Utilities are grouped in a central shaft. [37] On the 6th through 86th stories, the central shaft is surrounded by a main corridor on all four sides. [42]
Thus, the local elevators can be stacked within the same elevator shaft. [78] Located on the 44th and 78th floors of each tower, the sky lobbies enabled the elevators to be used efficiently, while also increasing the amount of usable space on each floor from 62 to 75 percent by reducing the number of required elevator shafts. [79]
A simple dumbwaiter is a movable frame in a shaft, dropped by a rope on a pulley, guided by rails; most dumbwaiters have a shaft, cart, and capacity smaller than those of passenger elevators, usually 45 to 450 kg (100 to 992 lbs.) [2] Before electric motors were added in the 1920s, dumbwaiters were controlled manually by ropes on pulleys.
There are six lift shafts of varying heights and speeds, including a high-speed shaft with a travel of 100 metres (328 ft 1 in) and a theoretical maximum speed of 10 m/s (33 ft/s). The tower's renovation was officially completed in July 2010. [5]
The dimensions of each elevator were 5.5 feet (1.7 m) deep by 8 feet (2.4 m) wide. [83] Within the lobby, there are ziggurat-shaped Mexican onyx panels above the elevator doors. [ 67 ] The doors are designed in a lotus pattern and are clad with steel and wood. [ 74 ]
Simple core arrangement – stairs "wrapping around" elevator shaft. In architecture, a core is a vertical space used for circulation and services. It may also be referred to as a circulation core or service core. A core may include staircases, elevators, electrical cables, water pipes and risers.