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In neurology, retrograde amnesia (RA) is the inability to access memories or information from before an injury or disease occurred. [1] RA differs from a similar condition called anterograde amnesia (AA), which is the inability to form new memories following injury or disease onset. [ 2 ]
While a patient with amnesia might have a loss of declarative memory, this loss might vary in severity as well as the declarative information that it affects, depending on many factors. For example, LSJ was a patient who had retrograde declarative memory loss as the result of bilateral medial temporal lobe damage, but she was still able to ...
Transient amnesia can be the principal manifestation of epilepsy. This diagnosis, however, is "seldom suspected by clinicians and remains controversial". [4] TEA is "almost always misdiagnosed" according to a leading authority. [9] In the largest study to date (2007) "Epilepsy was the initial specialist diagnosis in only 12 of 50 cases."
The prognosis of "pure" TGA is very good, as by definition, symptoms resolve within 24 hours. It does not affect mortality or morbidity [29] There is no treatment specific to TGA. [4] "The most important part of management after diagnosis is looking after the psychological needs of the patient and his or her relatives.
Although there was a general lack of knowledge about its mechanisms, a review of patients seen during WWI combat reveals the symptoms of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) in many soldiers. The term shell shock was used to refer to the acute psychological state that accompanied exposure to exploding shells, and more generally, exposure to combat ...
Amnesia is an abnormal mental state in which memory and learning are affected out of all proportion to other cognitive functions in an otherwise alert and responsive patient. [5] There are two forms of amnesia: Anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia , that show hippocampal or medial temporal lobe damage.
In 1981, Cochrane was involved in a motorcycle accident that left him with severe anterograde amnesia, as well as temporally graded retrograde amnesia. Like other amnesic patients ( patient HM , for example), Cochrane had his semantic memory intact, but lacked episodic memory with respect to his entire past. [ 2 ]
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