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As wet steam is heated further, the droplets evaporate, and at a high enough temperature (which depends on the pressure) all of the water evaporates and the system is in vapour–liquid equilibrium. [5] When steam has reached this equilibrium point, it is referred to as saturated steam.
An enthalpy–entropy chart, also known as the H–S chart or Mollier diagram, plots the total heat against entropy, [1] describing the enthalpy of a thermodynamic system. [2] A typical chart covers a pressure range of 0.01–1000 bar , and temperatures up to 800 degrees Celsius . [ 3 ]
Saturated steam is advantageous in heat transfer due to the high latent heat of vaporization. It is a very efficient mode of heat transfer. In layman's terms, saturated steam is at its dew point at the corresponding temperature and pressure. The typical latent heat of vaporization (or condensation) is 970 BTU/lb (2,256 kJ/kg) for saturated ...
For temperature range: 173.15 K to 273.15 K or equivalently −100 °C to 0 °C At triple point. An important basic value, which is not registered in the table, is the saturated vapor pressure at the triple point of water. The internationally accepted value according to measurements of Guildner, Johnson and Jones (1976) amounts to:
The heat content of an ideal gas is independent of pressure (or volume), but the heat content of real gases varies with pressure, hence the need to define the state for the gas (real or ideal) and the pressure. Note that for some thermodynamic databases such as for steam, the reference temperature is 273.15 K (0 °C).
Description: Blue lines indicate vapor quality, mass percentage in the saturated mixture that is in gas phase . Black lines indicate pressure in pounds per square inch . Grey lines indicate specific volume in square feet per pound-mass of steam
Steam engines use water vapor to push pistons or turbines, and that movement creates work. The quantitatively described steam quality (steam dryness) is the proportion of saturated steam in a saturated water/steam mixture. In other words, a steam quality of 0 indicates 100% liquid, while a steam quality of 1 (or 100%) indicates 100% steam.
e * is the saturation water vapor pressure T is the absolute air temperature in kelvins T st is the steam-point (i.e. boiling point at 1 atm.) temperature (373.15 K) e * st is e * at the steam-point pressure (1 atm = 1013.25 hPa) Similarly, the correlation for the saturation water vapor pressure over ice is: