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  2. Nuchal ligament - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuchal_ligament

    This ligament is analogous in function (but different in exact structural detail) to the nuchal ligament found in ungulates. [8] This ligament allows dogs to carry their heads while running long distances, such as while following scent trails with their nose to the ground, without expending much energy.

  3. Nuchal fascia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuchal_fascia

    The nuchal fascia is a fascia covering the autochthonous musculature of the neck as a part of the cervical fascia.It proceeds the thoracolumbar fascia to the top (cranial). ). The fascia itself is made of two parts: A superficial layer (lat.: Fascia nuchae superficialis) and a deeper layer that is located among the Trapezius muscle and that sheaths the deeper cervical musculature from dorsal s

  4. Nuchal lines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuchal_lines

    The nuchal lines are four curved lines on the external surface of the occipital bone: The upper, often faintly marked, is named the highest nuchal line, but is sometimes referred to as the Mempin line or linea suprema, and it attaches to the epicranial aponeurosis. Below the highest nuchal line is the superior nuchal line.

  5. External occipital protuberance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_occipital...

    The nuchal ligament and trapezius muscle attach to it. The inion (ἰνίον, iníon, Greek for the occipital bone) is used as a landmark in the 10-20 system in electroencephalography (EEG) recording. Extending laterally from it on either side is the superior nuchal line, and above it is the faintly marked highest nuchal line.

  6. Dog anatomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_anatomy

    This ligament is analogous in function (but different in exact structural detail) to the nuchal ligament found in ungulates. [15] This ligament allows dogs to carry their heads while running long distances, such as while following scent trails with their nose to the ground, without expending much energy. [15]

  7. Supraspinous ligament - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraspinous_ligament

    The supraspinous ligament connects the tips of the spinous processes from the seventh cervical vertebra to the sacrum. [1] Superior to the 7th cervical vertebra, the supraspinous ligament is continuous with the nuchal ligament.

  8. Serratus posterior superior muscle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serratus_posterior...

    The serratus posterior superior muscle arises by an aponeurosis from the lower part of the nuchal ligament, from the spinous processes of C7, T1, T2, and sometimes T3, and from the supraspinal ligament. [2] It is inserted, by four fleshy digitations into the upper borders of the second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs past the angle of the rib. [2]

  9. Endurance running hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurance_running_hypothesis

    nuchal ligament helps counterbalance the head; shoulders and body can rotate without rotating the head; taller body has more skin surface for evaporative heat dissipation; torso can counter-rotate to balance the rotation of the hindlimbs; shorter forearms make it easier to counterbalance hindlimbs; shorter forearms cost less to keep flexed