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The role of active vitamin D or calcitriol (orange) in calcium metabolism in the human body. [13] The active vitamin D metabolite, calcitriol, exerts its biological effects by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is primarily located in the nuclei of target cells.
CYP2R1 is cytochrome P450 2R1, an enzyme which is the principal vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. [5] [6] In humans it is encoded by the CYP2R1 gene located on chromosome 11p15.2. [7]It is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum in liver, where it performs the first step in the activation of vitamin D by catalyzing the formation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. [8]
CYP24A1 also is able to catalyze another pathway which starts with 23-hydroxylation of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 and culminates in 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3-26,23-lactone. [ 6 ] The side chains of the ergocalciferol (vitamin D 2 ) derivatives, 25-OH-D 2 and 1,25-(OH) 2 D 2 , are also hydroxylated by CYP24A1.
A metabolic network is the complete set of metabolic and physical processes that determine the physiological and biochemical properties of a cell.As such, these networks comprise the chemical reactions of metabolism, the metabolic pathways, as well as the regulatory interactions that guide these reactions.
Human Metabolome Database; Content; Description: Metabolomics database: Data types captured: Human metabolite structures, metabolite descriptions, metabolite reactions, metabolite enzymes and transporters, human enzyme and transporter sequences, human metabolic pathways, normal and abnormal metabolite concentrations in humans, associated diseases, chemical properties, nomenclature, synonyms ...
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25-Hydroxyvitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase (VD 1A hydroxylase) also known as calcidiol 1-monooxygenase [5] or cytochrome p450 27B1 (CYP27B1) or simply 1-alpha-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP27B1 gene.
Calcitriol is a hormone and the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. [8] [9] [10] It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.It binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes. [11]