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DEET is often sold and used in spray or lotion in concentrations up to 100%. [10] Consumer Reports found a correlation between DEET concentration and hours of protection against insect bites. 100% DEET was found to offer up to 12 hours of protection while several lower concentration DEET formulations (20–34%) offered 3–6 hours of protection.
The dispersion models are used to estimate the downwind ambient concentration of air pollutants or toxins emitted from sources such as industrial plants, vehicular traffic or accidental chemical releases. They can also be used to predict future concentrations under specific scenarios (i.e. changes in emission sources).
Atmospheric pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m 3, μg/m 3, etc.) at sea level will decrease with increasing altitude because the atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. The change of atmospheric pressure with altitude can be obtained from this equation: [2]
According to the American Mosquito Control Association, DEET (N-Diethyl-3-Methylbenzamide) is the most effective active ingredient in an insect repellent. A 10% DEET-based repellent will typically ...
A 2013 review concluded that IR3535 is as effective as 20% DEET against Anopheles, citing that some studies reported possibly shorter protection of just 3.8 hours. [9] [6] In areas with malaria, the NHS recommends 50% DEET or at least 30% DEET or 20% icaridin instead of IR3535.
Synthetic repellents tend to be more effective and/or longer lasting than "natural" repellents. [1] [2]For protection against ticks and mosquito bites, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends DEET, icaridin (picaridin, KBR 3023), oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE), para-menthane-diol (PMD), IR3535 and 2-undecanone with the caveat that higher percentages of the active ingredient ...
DEET found to cause reproductive damage in worms, warranting further investigation, scientists say. Katie Hawkinson. January 30, 2024 at 8:31 AM.
The resulting air pollution is characterized by raised sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide levels and very high concentrations of airborne particles and particulate matter (PM). [70] Annual seasonal average particulate matter concentrations have been recorded as high as 279 μg/m 3 (micrograms per cubic meter).