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Stem-cell therapy uses stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. [1] As of 2024, the only FDA-approved therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. [2] [3] This usually takes the form of a bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, but the cells can also be derived from umbilical cord blood.
It provided $265 million for adult stem cell therapy, umbilical cord blood and bone marrow treatment, and authorized $79 million for the collection of cord blood stem cells. By executive order on March 9, 2009, President Barack Obama removed certain restrictions on federal funding for research involving new lines of human embryonic stem cells. [10]
The first clinically documented use of cord blood stem cells was in the successful treatment of a six-year-old boy afflicted by Fanconi anemia in 1988. For two decades after that, cord blood became increasingly recognized as a source of stem cells that can be used in stem cell therapy. [3]
Cord blood is being used to get stem cells with which to test in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. [42] The stem cells from umbilical cord blood are also being used in the treatment of a number of blood diseases including blood cancers. [43] Cord blood is also being studied as a substitute for normal blood transfusions in the developing world.
Stem-cell transplantation was pioneered using bone marrow-derived stem cells by a team at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center from the 1950s through the 1970s led by E. Donnall Thomas, whose work was later recognized with a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Thomas' work showed that bone-marrow cells infused intravenously could ...
A savior sibling may be the solution for any disease treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.It is effective against genetically detectable (mostly monogenic) diseases, e.g. Fanconi anemia, [4] Diamond–Blackfan anemia [5] and β-thalassemia, in the ailing sibling, since the savior sibling can be selected to not have inherited the disease.
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