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  2. Grouped data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grouped_data

    Another method of grouping the data is to use some qualitative characteristics instead of numerical intervals. For example, suppose in the above example, there are three types of students: 1) Below normal, if the response time is 5 to 14 seconds, 2) normal if it is between 15 and 24 seconds, and 3) above normal if it is 25 seconds or more, then the grouped data looks like:

  3. Frequency (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_(statistics)

    A frequency distribution shows a summarized grouping of data divided into mutually exclusive classes and the number of occurrences in a class. It is a way of showing unorganized data notably to show results of an election, income of people for a certain region, sales of a product within a certain period, student loan amounts of graduates, etc.

  4. Data binning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_binning

    Data binning, also called data discrete binning or data bucketing, is a data pre-processing technique used to reduce the effects of minor observation errors. The original data values which fall into a given small interval, a bin , are replaced by a value representative of that interval, often a central value ( mean or median ).

  5. Relational model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_model

    The relational model (RM) is an approach to managing data using a structure and language consistent with first-order predicate logic, first described in 1969 by English computer scientist Edgar F. Codd, [1] [2] where all data are represented in terms of tuples, grouped into relations.

  6. Group method of data handling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_method_of_data_handling

    To choose between models, two or more subsets of a data sample are used, similar to the train-validation-test split. GMDH combined ideas from: [ 8 ] black box modeling , successive genetic selection of pairwise features , [ 9 ] the Gabor's principle of "freedom of decisions choice", [ 10 ] and the Beer's principle of external additions.

  7. Group (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(mathematics)

    The manipulations of the Rubik's Cube form the Rubik's Cube group.. In mathematics, a group is a set with an operation that associates an element of the set to every pair of elements of the set (as does every binary operation) and satisfies the following constraints: the operation is associative, it has an identity element, and every element of the set has an inverse element.

  8. Discover the latest breaking news in the U.S. and around the world — politics, weather, entertainment, lifestyle, finance, sports and much more.

  9. Group concept mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_concept_mapping

    Group concept mapping is a structured methodology for organizing the ideas of a group on any topic of interest and representing those ideas visually in a series of interrelated maps. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a type of integrative mixed method , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] combining qualitative and quantitative approaches to data collection and analysis .