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An assortment of polyurethane foam products for cushioning and insulation. Polyurethane foam is a solid polymeric foam based on polyurethane chemistry. As a specialist synthetic material with highly diverse applications, polyurethane foams are primarily used for thermal insulation and as a cushioning material in mattresses, upholstered furniture or as seating in vehicles.
Foam rubber yoga mat. Foam rubber (also known as cellular rubber, sponge rubber, or expanded rubber) is rubber that has been made with a foaming agent so that its structure is an air-filled matrix. Commercial foam rubber is generally made of synthetic rubber, natural latex, or polyurethane. Latex foam rubber, used in mattresses, is well known ...
EVA is one of the materials popularly known as expanded rubber or foam rubber. EVA foam [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] is used as padding in equipment for various sports such as ski boots , bicycle saddles, hockey pads, boxing and mixed-martial-arts gloves and helmets, wakeboard boots, waterski boots, fishing rods , and fishing-reel handles.
Most standard memory foam has a density of 16–80 kg/m 3 (1 to 5 lb/ft 3). Most bedding, such as topper pads and comfort layers in mattresses, has a density of 48–72 kg/m 3 (3 to 4.5 lb/ft 3). High densities such as 85 kg/m 3 (5.3 lb/ft 3) are used infrequently. The firmness property (hard to soft) of memory foam is used in determining comfort.
The density of a foam decreases as the expansion of the foam increases. Expansion, in turn, relates to the amount of air inside the cells of the foam. The more air inside the cells, the larger the expansion. [5] Sketch of a usual stress-strain curve for a latex foam. Region 1 shows Hookian increase in stress. Region 2 demonstrates the crushing ...
If a product is on a large load-bearing area, the cushion may not deform and will not cushion the shock. If the load-bearing area is too small, the product may “bottom out” during a shock; the shock is not cushioned. Engineers use “cushion curves” to choose the best thickness and load-bearing area for a cushioning material.