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It is disputed to what extent the various English-based creoles of the world share a common origin. The monogenesis hypothesis [2] [3] posits that a single language, commonly called proto–Pidgin English, spoken along the West African coast in the early sixteenth century, was ancestral to most or all of the Atlantic creoles (the English creoles of both West Africa and the Americas).
Vincentian Creole; Grenadian Creole English; Tobagonian Creole; Trinidadian Creole; Bajan Creole (Barbadian Creole English) Guyanese Creole; Africa West Africa Krio (Sierra Leone Creole English) Equatorial Guinean Pidgin (Pichinglis, Fernando Po Creole English, Bioko Creole English) (now also a Creole language) Liberian Kreyol; Ghanaian Pidgin ...
A creole language is a stable natural language developed from a mixture of different languages. Unlike a pidgin, a simplified form that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups, a creole language is a complete language, used in a community and acquired by children as their native language.
Venezuelan English Creole is a collection of Caribbean English-based Creoles spoken throughout Venezuela. Venezuelan English Creole developed from the English Creoles spoken by Anglo-Caribbean immigrants who immigrated to Venezuela during the gold rush and subsequent oil boom, namely from Trinidad and Tobago , Grenada , Dominica and Guyana .
Krio is an English-based creole from which descend Nigerian Pidgin English and Cameroonian Pidgin English and Pichinglis. It is also similar to English-based creole languages spoken in the Americas, especially Jamaican Patois (Jamaican Creole), Sranan Tongo (Surinamese Creole), Bajan Creole and Gullah language , but it has its own distinctive ...
Trinidadian English Creole is an English-based creole language commonly spoken throughout the island of Trinidad in Trinidad and Tobago. It is distinct from Tobagonian Creole – particularly at the basilectal level [ 2 ] – and from other Lesser Antillean English creoles.
Grenadian Creole English is a Creole language spoken in Grenada.It is a member of the Southern branch of English-based Eastern Atlantic Creoles, along with Antiguan Creole (Antigua and Barbuda), Bajan Creole (), Guyanese Creole (), Tobagonian Creole, Trinidadian Creole (Trinidad and Tobago), Vincentian Creole (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), and Virgin Islands Creole (Virgin Islands). [2]
Liberian Kreyol (also known as Kolokwa or Liberian Kolokwa English) is an Atlantic English-based creole language spoken in Liberia. [1] It was spoken by 1,500,000 people as a second language at the 1984 census, which accounted for about 70% of the population at the time.