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Empty sella syndrome is the condition when the pituitary gland shrinks or becomes flattened, filling the sella turcica with cerebrospinal fluid instead of the normal pituitary. [2] It can be discovered as part of the diagnostic workup of pituitary disorders, or as an incidental finding when imaging the brain.
The empty sella sign occurs due to herniation of the subarachnoid space into the sella turcica, displacing the pituitary gland and allowing CSF to occupy the space. [3] This phenomenon is often linked to the following mechanisms: [4] Primary empty sella syndrome occurs without an underlying cause or pituitary pathology. It is associated with a ...
Autoimmune hypophysitis can lead to deficiencies in one or more pituitary hormones, causing central diabetes insipidus if the posterior pituitary gland is affected as well as central adrenal insufficiency and central hypothyroidism if the anterior pituitary gland is affected. [1]
The exact prevalence of this syndrome is difficult to define because the incidence varies so much from country to country. Sheehan syndrome is more prevalent in developing countries than developed countries. [15] In a study from the United Kingdom in 2001 only 1.4% of patients with hypopituitarism were diagnosed with Sheehan's syndrome. [6]
Hypopituitarism is the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. [1] [2] If there is decreased secretion of one specific pituitary hormone, the condition is known as selective hypopituitarism. [3]
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), also known as the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD), [2] is characterized by a physiologically inappropriate release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) either from the posterior pituitary gland, or an abnormal non-pituitary source. [1]
Pituitary apoplexy is regarded by some as distinct from Sheehan's syndrome, where the pituitary undergoes infarction as a result of prolonged very low blood pressure, particularly when caused by bleeding after childbirth. This condition usually occurs in the absence of a tumor. [4] Others regard Sheehan's syndrome as a form of pituitary apoplexy.
Empty nest syndrome; Empty nose syndrome; Empty sella syndrome; Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome; Environmental dependency syndrome; Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome;