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Note, myeloperoxidase deficiency can cause false positives in the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease, a condition which includes dysfunctional NADPH oxidase. [3] [7] Both disorders interfere with neutrophils’ abilities to kill pathogens through reaction with oxidative species.
NADPH oxidase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase) is a membrane-bound enzyme complex that faces the extracellular space. It can be found in the plasma membrane as well as in the membranes of phagosomes used by neutrophil white blood cells to engulf microorganisms.
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a peroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MPO gene on chromosome 17. [5] MPO is most abundantly expressed in neutrophils (a subtype of white blood cells ), and produces hypohalous acids to carry out their antimicrobial activity, including hypochlorous acid, the sodium salt of which is the chemical in bleach.
A NADPH oxidase–independent form of NETosis, relying solely on mitochondrial-derived ROS, has also been described. [13] Azurophilic granule proteins such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) then enter the nucleus and further the decondensation process, resulting in the rupture of the nuclear envelope.
The NADPH oxidase isoform NOX1 transiently produces a burst of superoxide in response to growth factor (e.g. EGF) stimulation of respective receptors. [13] Superoxide is dismutated to hydrogen peroxide at a rate close to the diffusion-limited rate. This spatial restriction for superoxide‘s dismutation allows for specificity of redox signalling.
13058 Ensembl ENSG00000165168 ENSMUSG00000015340 UniProt P04839 Q61093 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000397 NM_007807 RefSeq (protein) NP_000388 NP_031833 Location (UCSC) Chr X: 37.78 – 37.81 Mb Chr X: 9.3 – 9.35 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), also known as cytochrome b(558) subunit beta or Cytochrome b-245 heavy chain, is a protein that in humans is ...
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In enzymology, a NADPH peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction NADPH + H + + H 2 O 2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } NADP + + 2 H 2 O The 3 substrates of this enzyme are NADPH , H + , and H 2 O 2 , whereas its two products are NADP + and H 2 O .