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Vygotsky, a psychologist and social constructivist, laid the foundation for the interactionists view of language acquisition.According to Vygotsky, social interaction plays an important role in the learning process and proposed the zone of proximal development (ZPD) where learners construct the new language through socially mediated interaction.
Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (Russian: Лев Семёнович Выготский, [vɨˈɡotskʲɪj]; Belarusian: Леў Сямёнавіч Выгоцкі; November 17 [O.S. November 5] 1896 – June 11, 1934) was a Russian and Soviet psychologist, best known for his work on psychological development in children and creating the framework known as cultural-historical activity theory.
Vygotsky saw the past and present as fused within the individual, that the "present is seen in the light of history." [8] His cultural-historical psychology attempted to account for the social origins of language and thinking. To Vygotsky, consciousness emerges from human activity mediated by artifacts (tools) and signs. [8]
Vygotsky thought that in toddlerhood, nonverbal sensorimotor thought begins to merge with spoken language, which ultimately leads to the development of verbal thinking (Vygotsky 1962). This language acquisition, in turn, is thought to restructure and develop children's other mental processes during the second and third years of life, including ...
As children develop, they learn language skills derived from, and suited to their environment. Caregiver's attitudes and attentiveness to their children are important to promoting an environment of productive language learning habits. [4] Much of this approach is derived from the work and theories of Lev Vygotsky.
The concept of the zone of proximal development was originally developed by Vygotsky to argue against the use of academic, knowledge-based tests as a means to gauge students' intelligence. He also created ZPD to further develop Jean Piaget 's theory of children being lone and autonomous learners. [ 4 ]
Other relevant theories about language development include Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which considers the development of language as a continuation of general cognitive development [21] and Vygotsky's social theories that attribute the development of language to an individual's social interactions and growth. [22]
Dynamic assessment is a product of the research conducted by developmental psychologist Lev Vygotsky. It identifies Constructs that a student has mastered (the Zone of Actual Development) Constructs that a student is currently able to understand or tasks a student can do with scaffolding (the Zone of Proximal Development).