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The majority of VOCs are produced by plants, the main compound being isoprene. Small amounts of VOCs are produced by animals and microbes. [24] Many VOCs are considered secondary metabolites, which often help organisms in defense, such as plant defense against herbivory.
It is a pollutant and a component of smog that is produced in large quantities as a result of human activities (mostly the combustion of fossil fuels). [86] O 3 is largely produced by chemical reactions involving NO x gases (nitrogen oxides, especially from combustion) and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. Due to the ...
Plant communication encompasses communication using volatile organic compounds, electrical signaling, and common mycorrhizal networks between plants and a host of other organisms such as soil microbes, [2] other plants [3] (of the same or other species), animals, [4] insects, [5] and fungi. [6]
The biochemical mechanism of VOC generation in the human body is not fully comprehended. [10] Their occurrence is due to changes in cell metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, where reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from cellular respiration interact with cellular structures (such as the membrane, proteins, DNA, and RNA) to create ...
Exhalation takes longer than inhalation and it is believed to facilitate better exchange of gases. Parts of the nervous system help to regulate respiration in humans. The exhaled air is not just carbon dioxide; it contains a mixture of other gases. Human breath contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These compounds consist of methanol ...
A secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a molecule produced via oxidation over several generations of a parent organic molecule. [1] In contrast to primary organic aerosols, which are emitted directly from the biosphere , SOAs are either formed via homogeneous nucleation through the successive oxidation of gas -phase organic compounds , or through ...
"Smell", from Allegory of the Senses by Jan Brueghel the Elder, Museo del Prado. An odor (American English) or odour (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is a smell or a scent caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds generally found in low concentrations that humans and many animals can perceive via their olfactory system.
The profiling of VOCs emitted by living organisms takes an increasing importance in various scientific domains like in medicine, in food sciences or in chemical ecology. For instance, in medicine, non-invasive diagnosis techniques of cancer based on the profiling of VOCs from the exhaled breath have been developed.