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Second, the drug dose the patient received, and if its amount is commensurate with developing CIPN, must be considered. [1] The immunomodulatory drug bortezomib, for example, is more likely to cause neurotoxicity in a cumulative dose of 20 grams. Finally, the characteristics and the duration of a patient's symptoms should be analyzed.
Ulceration can cause bleeding that can lead to symptoms such as coughing up blood (lung cancer), anemia or rectal bleeding (colon cancer), blood in the urine (bladder cancer), or abnormal vaginal bleeding (endometrial or cervical cancer). Although localized pain may occur in advanced cancer, the initial tumor is usually painless.
The vascular (blood) system can be affected by solid tumors. Between 15 and 25 percent of deep vein thrombosis is caused by cancer (often by a tumor compressing a vein), and it may be the first hint that cancer is present. It causes swelling and pain in the legs, especially the calf, and (rarely) in the arms. [19]
For cancer patients, the harsh side effects of powerful drugs have long been the trade-off for living longer. Now, patients and doctors are questioning whether all that suffering is necessary.
Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate in comparison to other forms of cancer, with the leading cause of development due to smoking. [27] The number of smokers in China is rapidly increasing with tobacco killing approximately 3000 people each day. [27] The diagnosis of lung cancer is most common within the 50–59-year age bracket. [26]
Drug-drug interaction (DDI), an alteration of the action of a drug caused by the administration of other drugs; Paradoxical reaction, an effect of a substance opposite to what would usually be expected; Pharmacogenetics, the use of genetic information to determine which type of drugs will work best for a patient; Unintended consequences
Cancer cells can also cause defects in the cellular pathways of apoptosis (programmed cell death). As most chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells in this manner, defective apoptosis allows survival of these cells, making them resistant. Many chemotherapy drugs also cause DNA damage, which can be repaired by enzymes in the cell that carry out DNA ...
These drugs block one or more of the nerve signals that cause nausea and vomiting. During the first 24 hours after chemotherapy, the most effective approach appears to be blocking the 5-HT 3 nerve signal. [10] Approved 5-HT 3 inhibitors include dolasetron (Anzemet), granisetron (Kytril, Sancuso), and ondansetron (Zofran). Their antiemetic ...