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Three-phase traffic theory is a theory of traffic flow developed by Boris Kerner between 1996 and 2002. [1] [2] [3] It focuses mainly on the explanation of the physics of traffic breakdown and resulting congested traffic on highways.
Palmer J., Rehborn H. (2007) ASDA/FOTO based on Kerner's Three-Phase Traffic Theory in North-Rhine Westfalia (in German), Straßenverkehrstechnik, No. 8, pp 463–470; Palmer J., Rehborn H., Mbekeani L. (2008) Traffic Congestion Interpretation Based on Kerner's Three-Phase Traffic Theory in USA, In: Proceedings 15th World Congress on ITS, New York
Three-phase traffic theory is an alternative theory of traffic flow created by Boris Kerner at the end of 1990's [24] [25] [26] (for reviews, see the books [27] [28] [29]). Probably the most important result of the three-phase theory is that at any time instance there is a range of highway capacities of free flow at a bottleneck.
The first mathematical model of traffic flow in the framework of Kerner's three-phase traffic theory that mathematical simulations can show and explain traffic breakdown by an F → S phase transition in the metastable free flow at the bottleneck was the Kerner-Klenov stochastic microscopic traffic flow model introduced in 2002. [46]
Traffic modeling draws heavily on theoretical foundations like network theory and certain theories from physics like the kinematic wave model. The interesting quantity being modeled and measured is the traffic flow , i.e. the throughput of mobile units (e.g. vehicles ) per time and transportation medium capacity (e.g. road or lane width).
Highway engineering (also known as roadway engineering and street engineering) is a professional engineering discipline branching from the civil engineering subdiscipline of transportation engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, highways, streets, bridges, and tunnels to ensure safe and effective transportation of people and goods.
The Three-detector problem [1] is a problem in traffic flow theory. Given is a homogeneous freeway and the vehicle counts at two detector stations. We seek the vehicle counts at some intermediate location.
In measured traffic data, common spatiotemporal empirical features of traffic congestion have been found that are qualitatively the same for different highways in different countries. Some of these common features distinguish the wide moving jam and synchronized flow phases of congested traffic in Kerner's three-phase traffic theory.