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Tongue and groove joints allow two flat pieces to be joined strongly together to make a single flat surface. Before plywood became common, tongue and groove boards were also used for sheathing buildings and to construct concrete formwork. A strong joint, the tongue and groove joint is widely used for re-entrant angles
The tongue and groove fit snugly together, thus joining or aligning the planks, and are not visible once joined. Tongue-and-groove flooring can be installed by glue-down (both engineered and solid), floating (engineered only), or nail-down (both solid and engineered). "Click" or Woodloc systems: a number of patented "click" systems now exist.
A flooring clamp is used for holding tongue and groove flooring while individual boards are being face nailed. Up to 8 to 10 boards may be clamped at a time. A minimum of two are required; more is the norm. Spaced say every 4th or 5th joist.
Box nail – like a common nail but with a thinner shank and head; Brads are small, thin, tapered nails with a lip or projection to one side rather than a full head [20] or a small finish nail [21] Floor brad ('stigs') – flat, tapered and angular, for use in fixing floor boards
Toenailing or skew-nailing is a viable, structurally sound method [1] of the driving of a nail at a roughly 30° [2] angle to fasten two pieces of wood together, typically with their grains perpendicular. The term comes colloquially from fastening wood at the bottom, or toe, of the board.
Engineered wood flooring is a type of flooring product, similar to hardwood flooring, made of layers of wood or wood-based composite laminated together. The floor boards are usually milled with a tongue-and-groove profile on the edges for consistent joinery between boards.