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For a given instance of the map class the keys must be of the same base type. The same must be true for all of the values. Although std::map is typically implemented using a self-balancing binary search tree, C++11 defines a second map called std::unordered_map, which has the algorithmic
Any existing mapping is overwritten. The arguments to this operation are the key and the value. Remove or delete remove a (,) pair from the collection, unmapping a given key from its value. The argument to this operation is the key. Lookup, find, or get find the value (if any) that is bound to a given key.
A map implemented by a hash table is called a hash map. Most hash table designs employ an imperfect hash function . Hash collisions , where the hash function generates the same index for more than one key, therefore typically must be accommodated in some way.
MessagePack is more compact than JSON, but imposes limitations on array and integer sizes.On the other hand, it allows binary data and non-UTF-8 encoded strings. In JSON, map keys have to be strings, but in MessagePack there is no such limitation and any type can be a map key, including types like maps and arrays, and, like YAML, numbers.
The theoretical worst case is the probability that all keys map to a single slot. The practical worst case is the expected longest probe sequence (hash function + collision resolution method). This analysis considers uniform hashing, that is, any key will map to any particular slot with probability 1/m, a characteristic of universal hash functions.
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A name–value pair, also called an attribute–value pair, key–value pair, or field–value pair, is a fundamental data representation in computing systems and applications. Designers often desire an open-ended data structure that allows for future extension without modifying existing code or data.