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Sufism (Arabic: الصوفية, romanized: al-Ṣūfiyya or Arabic: التصوف, romanized: al-Taṣawwuf) is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism, and asceticism. [1] Six Sufi masters, c. 1760
Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam in which Muslims seek divine love and truth through direct personal experience of God. [1] This mystic tradition within Islam developed in several stages of growth, emerging first in the form of early asceticism, based on the teachings of Hasan al-Basri, before entering the second stage of more classical mysticism of divine love, as promoted by al-Ghazali ...
Sufi cosmology (Arabic: الكوزمولوجية الصوفية) is a Sufi approach to cosmology which discusses the creation of man and the universe, which according to mystics are the fundamental grounds upon which Islamic religious universe is based.
Sufi philosophy includes the schools of thought unique to Sufism, the mystical tradition within Islam, [1] also termed as Tasawwuf or Faqr according to its adherents. Sufism and its philosophical tradition may be associated with both Sunni and Shia branches of Islam . [ 1 ]
Enslaved Africans maintained Sufi traditions in the Americas. [3] It was not until the twentieth century, however, that Sufi organizations were established in Western Europe and North America. Inayat Khan promulgated Sufism in the United States and Europe from 1910 to 1926. In 1911 Ivan Aguéli established a Sufi society in Paris.
For a long time after Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī, information and teachings about faqr, tasawwuf, and Sufism was transferred from person to person. [13] In English, faqir or fakir originally meant a mendicant dervish. In its mystical usage, the word fakir refers to man's spiritual need for God, who alone is regarded as self-sufficient in the Islamic ...
In Sufism, a murīd (Arabic مُرِيد ' one who seeks ') is a novice committed to spiritual enlightenment by sulūk (traversing a path) under a spiritual guide, who may take the title murshid, pir or shaykh. A sālik or Sufi follower only becomes a murīd when he makes a pledge to a murshid. The equivalent Persian term is shāgird. [1]
In complete seclusion, the Sufi continuously repeats the name of God as a highest form of dhikr, remembrance of God. Then, "Almighty God will spread before him the degrees of the kingdom as a test". A religious school is known as a khalwa in Sudanese Arabic. [2] This reflects the former dominance of Sufism in the Sudan.