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An integer is square-free if and only if it is equal to its radical. Every positive integer can be represented in a unique way as the product of a powerful number (that is an integer such that is divisible by the square of every prime factor) and a square-free integer, which are coprime.
In mathematics, a square-difference-free set is a set of natural numbers, no two of which differ by a square number. Hillel Furstenberg and András Sárközy proved in the late 1970s the Furstenberg–Sárközy theorem of additive number theory showing that, in a certain sense, these sets cannot be very large.
In mathematics, a square-free element is an element r of a unique factorization domain R that is not divisible by a non-trivial square. This means that every s such that s 2 ∣ r {\displaystyle s^{2}\mid r} is a unit of R .
A non-negative integer is a square number when its square root is again an integer. For example, =, so 9 is a square number. A positive integer that has no square divisors except 1 is called square-free. For a non-negative integer n, the n th square number is n 2, with 0 2 = 0 being the zeroth one. The concept of square can be extended to some ...
The radical of any integer is the largest square-free divisor of and so also described as the square-free kernel of . [2] There is no known polynomial-time algorithm for computing the square-free part of an integer.
Other well-known and studied examples include the Bianchi groups (), where > is a square-free integer and is the ring of integers in the field (), and the Hilbert–Blumenthal modular groups (). Another classical example is given by the integral elements in the orthogonal group of a quadratic form defined over a number field, for example S O ...
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More generally, for any square-free integer , the quadratic field is a number field obtained by adjoining the square root of to the field of rational numbers. Arithmetic operations in this field are defined in analogy with the case of Gaussian rational numbers, d = − 1 {\displaystyle d=-1} .