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Contingent self-esteem is derived from external sources, such as what others say, one's success or failure, one's competence, [86] or relationship-contingent self-esteem. Therefore, contingent self-esteem is marked by instability, unreliability, and vulnerability.
The extent to which reflected appraisals affect the person being appraised depends upon characteristics of the appraiser and his or her appraisal. [5] Greater impact on the development of a person's self-concept is said to occur when: (1) the appraiser is perceived as a highly credible source (2) the appraiser takes a very personal interest in the person being appraised (3) the appraisal is ...
Fortunately, there are helpful ways to learn how to stop being defensive in relationships. "When we react defensively, we are feeling threatened," says Terri Cole , MSW, LCSW , a licensed ...
Self-esteem matters for mental health. Low self-esteem is linked to problems ranging from depression, loneliness, and alienation to drug abuse and teenage pregnancy. [99] Self-esteem also affects how a person communicates with themself and others. [5] The self is not a static or inborn entity but changes throughout life. [98]
Whereas trait self-esteem seems to be relatively stable over time, [10] state self-esteem can fluctuate in relatively short periods of time depending on circumstances, successes, and failures. [2] RCSE affects the state levels of self-esteem by boosting self-esteem if the relationship is going well, but diminishing it when it is not. [5]
Self-evaluation maintenance (SEM) concerns discrepancies between two people in a relationship. The theory posits an individual will maintain as well as enhance their self-esteem via a social comparison to another individual. [1] Self-evaluation refers to the self-perceived social ranking one has towards themselves. It is the continuous process ...
Author Charles Murray, although critical of the self-esteem movement in general, is somewhat more positive about Branden. Murray said it would have been better if other promoters of self-esteem "had focused on self-esteem as Branden described it—an internalized sense of self-responsibility and self-sufficiency." [16]
Self-enhancement is a type of motivation that works to make people feel good about themselves and to maintain self-esteem. [1] This motive becomes especially prominent in situations of threat, failure or blows to one's self-esteem.