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The resultant plate is dried and activated by heating in an oven for thirty minutes at 110 °C. [18] The thickness of the absorbent layer is typically around 0.1–0.25 mm for analytical purposes and around 0.5–2.0 mm for preparative TLC. [19] Other adsorbent coatings include aluminium oxide (alumina), or cellulose. [18]
The spot capacity (analogous to peak capacity in HPLC) can be increased by developing the plate with two different solvents, using two-dimensional chromatography. [8] The procedure begins with development of a sample loaded plate with first solvent. After removing it, the plate is rotated 90° and developed with a second solvent.
Planar chromatography is a separation technique in which the stationary phase is present as or on a plane. The plane can be a paper, serving as such or impregnated by a substance as the stationary bed (paper chromatography) or a layer of solid particles spread on a support such as a glass plate (thin-layer chromatography).
The chiral stationary phase can be prepared by mixing chirally pure reagents such as L-amino acid, or brucine, or a chiral ligand exchange reagent with silica gel slurry, [2] [3] or by impregnation of the TLC plate in the solution of a chiral reagent. [4]
The use of displacement chromatography is rather limited, and is mostly used for preparative chromatography. The basic principle is based on a molecule with a high affinity for the chromatography matrix (the displacer) which is used to compete effectively for binding sites, and thus displace all molecules with lesser affinities. [ 28 ]
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Column chromatography in chemistry is a chromatography method used to isolate a single chemical compound from a mixture. Chromatography is able to separate substances based on differential absorption of compounds to the adsorbent; compounds move through the column at different rates, allowing them to be separated into fractions.