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Recently permitted by Bordeaux wineries, three new white grapes have been added: Alvarinho, Petit Manseng, and Liliorila. [15] In the late 1960s Sémillon was the most planted grape in Bordeaux. Since then it has been in constant decline although it still is the most common of Bordeaux's white grapes.
Perhaps most importantly, the regulations define wine as "the product obtained exclusively from the total or partial alcoholic fermentation of fresh grapes, whether or not crushed, or of grape must". [9] Furthermore, wine can only be made from grape varieties listed as allowed, and only those vine varieties may be planted for commercial purposes.
In 2019, Marselan became one of four new red grapes authorized in Bordeaux wine production to combat temperature increases in Bordeaux. [6] The first Marselan vines were planted in Spain in 1990 in the Catalonia region across the Pyrénées from the Languedoc-Roussillon region. Today it can be in the Penedès, Terra Alta and Valencia regions. [4]
Margaux contains 1,413 hectares (3,490 acres) of vineyards, making it the second largest appellation in the Haut-Médoc (after Saint-Estèphe). [8] The châteaux are concentrated in the village, and the vineyards are more intermingled than elsewhere. [9] The vines ripen 7–10 days before the rest of the Médoc. [10]
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Of the grape varieties permitted by INAO in Médoc, 50% of the viticultural area is planted with Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, and to a lesser extent Petit Verdot and Malbec (locally called "Côt"). Also allowed within the AOC regulations are the varieties Cabernet Franc and Carménère .
Castets as illustrated by Viala & Vermorel. Castets is a red French wine grape variety that was historically grown in the Aveyron region of France.While some plantings exist in Southwest France, the variety's numbers are dwindling and is now nearly extinct. [1]
The wine growing zones and the wine regions that belong to them are as follows: [2]. Zone A (the coldest), comprising Germany except Baden, Luxembourg, Belgium, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, the Čechy region of the Czech Republic and those countries in northern Europe where commercial winemaking is a very marginal business.