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An example of an active area of research in algebraic number theory is Iwasawa theory. The Langlands program , one of the main current large-scale research plans in mathematics, is sometimes described as an attempt to generalise class field theory to non-abelian extensions of number fields.
To illustrate, the solution + = has bases with a common factor of 3, the solution + = has bases with a common factor of 7, and + = + has bases with a common factor of 2. Indeed the equation has infinitely many solutions where the bases share a common factor, including generalizations of the above three examples, respectively
number theory: Dorin Andrica: 45 Artin conjecture (L-functions) number theory: Emil Artin: 650 Artin's conjecture on primitive roots: number theory: ⇐generalized Riemann hypothesis [2] ⇐Selberg conjecture B [3] Emil Artin: 325 Bateman–Horn conjecture: number theory: Paul T. Bateman and Roger Horn: 245 Baum–Connes conjecture: operator K ...
Bernoulli number. Agoh–Giuga conjecture; Von Staudt–Clausen theorem; Dirichlet series; Euler product; Prime number theorem. Prime-counting function. Meissel–Lehmer algorithm; Offset logarithmic integral; Legendre's constant; Skewes' number; Bertrand's postulate. Proof of Bertrand's postulate; Proof that the sum of the reciprocals of the ...
The abc conjecture (also known as the Oesterlé–Masser conjecture) is a conjecture in number theory that arose out of a discussion of Joseph Oesterlé and David Masser in 1985. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is stated in terms of three positive integers a , b {\displaystyle a,b} and c {\displaystyle c} (hence the name) that are relatively prime and satisfy a ...
Much of analytic number theory was inspired by the prime number theorem. Let π(x) be the prime-counting function that gives the number of primes less than or equal to x, for any real number x. For example, π(10) = 4 because there are four prime numbers (2, 3, 5 and 7) less than or equal to 10.
Sieve theory is a set of general techniques in number theory, designed to count, or more realistically to estimate the size of, sifted sets of integers. The prototypical example of a sifted set is the set of prime numbers up to some prescribed limit X .
Traditionally, number theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of integers and many of its open problems are easily understood even by non-mathematicians. More generally, the field has come to be concerned with a wider class of problems that arise naturally from the study of integers.