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The pathological mechanism by which frostbite causes body tissue injury can be characterized by four stages: Prefreeze, freeze-thaw, vascular stasis, and the late ischemic stage. [16] Prefreeze phase: involves the cooling of tissues without ice crystal formation. [16] Freeze-thaw phase: ice-crystals form, resulting in cellular damage and death ...
Cold injury (or cold weather injury) is damage to the body from cold exposure, including hypothermia and several skin injuries. [6] Cold-related skin injuries are categorized into freezing and nonfreezing cold injuries. [5] Freezing cold injuries involve tissue damage when exposed to temperatures below freezing (less than 0 degrees Celsius).
The first stage of cold water immersion syndrome, the cold shock response, includes a group of reflexes lasting under 5 min in laboratory volunteers and initiated by thermoreceptors sensing rapid skin cooling. Water has a thermal conductivity 25 times and a volume-specific heat capacity over 3000 times that of air; subsequently, surface cooling ...
Or cold hands that come with other symptoms, such as joint pain, a new rash, weight loss, night sweats (as seen in connective tissue/autoimmune diseases), pallor, weakness, shortness of breath ...
Other cold-related injuries that can be present either alone or in combination with hypothermia include: Chilblains: condition caused by repeated exposure of skin to temperatures just above freezing. The cold causes damage to small blood vessels in the skin. This damage is permanent and the redness and itching will return with additional exposure.
Non-freezing cold injuries (NFCI) is a class of tissue damage caused by sustained exposure to low temperature without actual freezing. [1] There are several forms of NFCI, and the common names may refer to the circumstances in which they commonly occur or were first described, such as trench foot, which was named after its association with trench warfare.
[4] [5] The rate of intake for cold foods has been studied as a contributing factor. [1] [6] It can also occur during a sudden exposure of the unprotected head to cold temperatures, such as by diving into cold water. [7] A cold-stimulus headache is distinct from dentin hypersensitivity, a type of dental pain that can occur under similar ...
At 21:40, [8] she was connected to a cardiopulmonary bypass machine that warmed up her blood outside of her body [16] [23] before it was reinserted into her veins. [14] Bågenholm's first heart beat was recorded at 22:15, [1] and her body temperature had risen to 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) at 0:49. [25]