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Russian and 5 ft gauge. 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 + 27 ⁄ 32 in): former Soviet Union states; 1,524 mm (5 ft): Finland and Estonia (The difference is within tolerance limits, so it is possible to exchange trains between 1520 mm and 1524 mm networks without changes to the wheelsets, however sometimes issues like stuck rolling stock might occur.)
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.
The American gauges converged, as the advantages of equipment interchange became increasingly apparent. Notably, all the 5 ft (1,524 mm) broad gauge track in the South was converted to "almost standard" gauge 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm) over the course of two days beginning on 31 May 1886. [21] See Track gauge in the United States.
Narrow-gauge railways in Europe Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark. Germany: Mine railways in Mayen: 557 mm: 21 + 15 ⁄ 16 in: Dominican Republic: Transport in the Dominican Republic: 560 mm: 22 + 1 ⁄ 16 in: Germany Salt mine railway in Berchtesgaden [23] 575 mm 22 + 5 ⁄ 8 in: Germany Iron ore mine railways in Bad Ems and Ramsbeck [24] 578 ...
The choice of gauge was influenced by Brunel's Great Western Railway which used 7 ft (2,134 mm). The Tsarskoye Selo railway's success proved that a larger gauge could be viable for railways isolated from the extant 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) gauge Western European network. [6] [7]
Most railways in Europe use 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) standard gauge, while in some other countries, like on the Iberian Peninsula, or countries whose territories used to be part of the Russian Empire or Soviet Union, widespread broad gauge exists (except Southeastern European countries).
The following is a list of tram/streetcar (including heritage trams/heritage streetcars), or light rail systems with their track length, track gauge, electrification system. The vast majority of tram systems use 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) standard gauge .
Spain has 11,791 km of track with this gauge. [2] Since 1992, all high-speed rail lines in Spain have been built to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) standard gauge, providing direct connections without break-of-gauge with the French railway system. The high speed line that was projected to run from Madrid to Lisbon was also to have been built at ...