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Depiction of a hydrogen atom showing the diameter as about twice the Bohr model radius. (Image not to scale) A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen.The electrically neutral hydrogen atom contains a single positively charged proton in the nucleus, and a single negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb force.
The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom (Z = 1) or a hydrogen-like ion (Z > 1), where the negatively charged electron confined to an atomic shell encircles a small, positively charged atomic nucleus and where an electron jumps between orbits, is accompanied by an emitted or absorbed amount of electromagnetic energy (hν). [1]
A depiction of a hydrogen atom with size of central proton shown, and the atomic diameter shown as about twice the Bohr model radius (image not to scale) The ground state energy level of the electron in a hydrogen atom is −13.6 eV, [24] equivalent to an ultraviolet photon of roughly 91 nm wavelength. [25]
Protium, the most common isotope of hydrogen, consists of one proton and one electron (it has no neutrons). The term hydrogen ion (H +) implies that that H-atom has lost its one electron, causing only a proton to remain. Thus, in chemistry, the terms proton and hydrogen ion (for the protium isotope) are used synonymously.
A Grotrian diagram of the hydrogen atom. Only transitions between adjacent columns are allowed, as per the selection rule =. A Grotrian diagram, or term diagram, shows the allowed electronic transitions between the energy levels of atoms. They can be used for one-electron and multi-electron atoms.
Wavefunctions of a hydrogen atom, showing the probability of finding the electron in the space around the nucleus. Each stationary state defines a specific energy level of the atom. Quantized energy levels result from the wave behavior of particles, which gives a relationship between a particle's energy and its wavelength.
Energy levels are not to scale. A hydrogen atom consists of an electron orbiting its nucleus. The electromagnetic force between the electron and the nuclear proton leads to a set of quantum states for the electron, each with its own energy. These states were visualized by the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom as being
The Bohr radius ( ) is a physical constant, approximately equal to the most probable distance between the nucleus and the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state. It is named after Niels Bohr, due to its role in the Bohr model of an atom. Its value is 5.291 772 105 44 (82) × 10 −11 m. [1] [2]