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Depiction of a hydrogen atom showing the diameter as about twice the Bohr model radius. (Image not to scale) A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen.The electrically neutral hydrogen atom contains a single positively charged proton in the nucleus, and a single negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb force.
A Grotrian diagram of the hydrogen atom. Only transitions between adjacent columns are allowed, as per the selection rule =. A Grotrian diagram, or term diagram, shows the allowed electronic transitions between the energy levels of atoms. They can be used for one-electron and multi-electron atoms.
A depiction of a hydrogen atom with size of central proton shown, and the atomic diameter shown as about twice the Bohr model radius (image not to scale) The ground state energy level of the electron in a hydrogen atom is −13.6 eV, [24] equivalent to an ultraviolet photon of roughly 91 nm wavelength. [25]
A hydrogen atom is made up of a nucleus with charge +1, and a single electron. Therefore, the only positively charged ion possible has charge +1. It is noted H +. Depending on the isotope in question, the hydrogen cation has different names: Hydron: general name referring to the positive ion of any hydrogen isotope (H +)
In atoms with one electron (hydrogen-like atom), the energy of an orbital (and, consequently, any electron in the orbital) is determined mainly by . The n = 1 {\displaystyle n=1} orbital has the lowest possible energy in the atom.
Hyperfine structure, with energy shifts typically orders of magnitudes smaller than those of a fine-structure shift, results from the interactions of the nucleus (or nuclei, in molecules) with internally generated electric and magnetic fields. Schematic illustration of fine and hyperfine structure in a neutral hydrogen atom
Energy level diagram of electrons in hydrogen atom. There are emission lines from hydrogen that fall outside of these series, such as the 21 cm line. These emission lines correspond to much rarer atomic events such as hyperfine transitions. [1]
Energy diagram (to scale) of the hydrogen atom for n=2 corrected by the fine structure and magnetic field. First column shows the non-relativistic case (only kinetic energy and Coulomb potential), the relativistic correction to the kinetic energy is added in the second column, the third column includes all of the fine structure, and the fourth ...