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A tuff cone, sometimes called an ash cone, is a small monogenetic volcanic cone produced by phreatic (hydrovolcanic) explosions directly associated with magma brought to the surface through a conduit from a deep-seated magma reservoir. They are characterized by high rims that have a maximum relief of 100–800 meters (330–2,620 ft) above the ...
Spatter cone – Landform of ejecta from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape; Volcanic crater lake – Lake formed within a volcanic crater; Subglacial mound – Volcano formed when lava erupts beneath a thick glacier or ice sheet; Submarine volcano – Underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt
A right circular cone and an oblique circular cone A double cone (not shown infinitely extended) 3D model of a cone. A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base (frequently, though not necessarily, circular) to a point called the apex or vertex that is not contained in the base.
This hemisphere contains approximately 68% of Earth's landmass and is home to about 90% of the global population. [4] It includes North America, Europe, Asia, and most of Africa. Southern Hemisphere: The half that lies south of the Equator. It contains approximately 32% of Earth's landmass and is home to about 10% of the global population.
Parasitic cone (in foreground) with larger main cone in background, at Piton de la Fournaise volcano on the island of Réunion. A parasitic cone (also adventive cone, satellite cone, satellitic cone or lateral cone) is the cone-shaped accumulation of volcanic material not part of the central vent of a volcano.
A cinder cone (or scoria cone [1]) is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic clinkers, volcanic ash, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.
Also called Indianite. A mineral from the lime-rich end of the plagioclase group of minerals. Anorthites are usually silicates of calcium and aluminium occurring in some basic igneous rocks, typically those produced by the contact metamorphism of impure calcareous sediments. anticline An arched fold in which the layers usually dip away from the fold axis. Contrast syncline. aphanic Having the ...
The remaining 29.2% of Earth's crust is land, most of which is located in the form of continental landmasses within Earth's land hemisphere. Most of Earth's land is at least somewhat humid and covered by vegetation, while large sheets of ice at Earth's polar deserts retain more water than Earth's groundwater, lakes, rivers, and atmospheric ...