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The Gutian dynasty (Sumerian: ππΎππ , gu-ti-um KI) was a line of kings, originating among the Gutian people.Originally thought to be a horde that swept in and brought down Akkadian and Sumerian rule in Mesopotamia, the Gutians are now known to have been in the area for at least a century by then.
The Akkadian Empire (/ Ι Λ k eΙͺ d i Ιn /) [2] was the first known ancient empire in the world, succeeding the long-lived civilization of Sumer.Centered on the city of Akkad (/ Λ æ k æ d /) [3] and its surrounding region, the empire united Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule and exercised significant influence across Mesopotamia, the Levant, and Anatolia, sending military ...
He adopted the Sumerian title en ki-en-gi lugal kalam.(π π ππ π π¦), [5] [6] [7] which may be translated as "lord of Sumer and king of all the land" (which possibly implies "en of the region of Uruk and lugal of the region of Ur" [8]), and could correspond to the later title lugal ki-en-gi ki-uri "King of Sumer and Akkad" that eventually came to signify kingship over ...
King of Sumer and Akkad (Sumerian: ππ πππ π΅ lugal-ki-en-gi-ki-uri [2], Akkadian: šar mΔt Šumeri u Akkadi) [3] was a royal title in Ancient Mesopotamia combining the titles of "King of Akkad", the ruling title held by the monarchs of the Akkadian Empire (2334–2154 BC) with the title of "King of Sumer".
The Sumerian king list suggests that the Guti ruled over Sumer for several generations following the fall of the Akkadian Empire. [ 3 ] By the mid 1st millennium BC, usage of the name Gutium, by the peoples of lowland Mesopotamia , had expanded to include all of northwestern Iran , between the Zagros Mountains and the Tigris River .
Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar in Diyala Governorate, Iraq) was an ancient Sumerian (and later Akkadian) city and city-state in central Mesopotamia 12.6 miles northwest of Tell Agrab and 15 miles northwest of Tell Ishchali.
A Sumerian relief of Ur-Nanshe, king of Lagash circa 2500 BCE. This dynasty is dated to the 26th century BC, about the same time as Elam is also mentioned clearly. [22] According to the Sumerian king list, Elam, Sumer's neighbor to the east, held the kingship in Sumer for a brief period, based in the city of Awan.
Map of the Akkadian Empire under Shar-Kali-Sharri. Shar-Kali-Sharri succeeded his father Naram-Sin around 2218 BC. According to the Sumerian King List, his reign lasted 25 years, which is closely matched by the year name from his rule. [7] He completed the establishment of direct Akkadian rule, a process initiated by his predecessor. [8]