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Porites duerdeni is an extremely rare species of colonial reef building finger coral found almost exclusively in Kāne‘ohe Bay, O’ahu. [3] It can be most abundantly found in shallow waters typically ranging from depths of 3–6 ft [4] but can also be found at greater depths that still receive significant sunlight.
Coralliidae, also known as precious corals, is a taxonomic family of soft corals belonging to the suborder Scleraxonia of the phylum Cnidaria. [1] These sessile corals are one of the most dominant members of hard-bottomed benthic environments such as seamounts, canyons and continental shelves. [2]
The Rugosa or rugose corals are an extinct order of solitary and colonial corals that were abundant in Middle Ordovician to Late Permian seas. [ 3 ] Solitary rugosans (e.g., Caninia , Lophophyllidium , Neozaphrentis , Streptelasma ) are often referred to as horn corals because of a unique horn-shaped chamber with a wrinkled, or rugose , wall.
Hawaiian gold corals display an interesting growth mechanism, spreading at a rate of about 2.2 ± 0.69 cm yr−1 cm per year. [3] Radiocarbon dating has been used to determine the radial growth rate of K.haumeaae which exhibits a relatively slow radial growth rate with a remarkable age of 807 ± 30 years for a live-collected specimen, highlighting the species' exceptional longevity. [4]
A black coral reproduces both sexually and asexually throughout its lifetime. Many black corals provide housing, shelter, food, and protection for other animals. Black corals were originally classified in the subclass Ceriantipatharia along with ceriantharians (tube-dwelling anemones), but were later reclassified under Hexacorallia.
Turbinaria conspicua, commonly known as Disc coral, is a species of colonial a stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. Found abundant in the eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific region, including Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and northern Australia. It is a zooxanthellaa coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues.