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In labor economics, an efficiency wage is a wage paid in excess of the market-clearing wage to increase the labor productivity of workers. [1] Specifically, it points to the incentive for managers to pay their employees more than the market-clearing wage to increase their productivity or to reduce the costs associated with employee turnover.
Workforce productivity is the amount of goods and services that a group of workers produce in a given amount of time. It is one of several types of productivity that economists measure. Workforce productivity, often referred to as labor productivity, is a measure for an organisation or company, a process, an industry, or a country.
The average product of labor (APL) is the total product of labor divided by the number of units of labor employed, or Q/L. [2] The average product of labor is a common measure of labor productivity. [4] [5] The AP L curve is shaped like an inverted “u”. At low production levels the AP L tends to increase as
However, there is no clear theoretical basis for the belief that removing a market distortion will always increase economic efficiency. The theory of the second best states that if there is some unavoidable market distortion in one sector, a move toward greater market perfection in another sector may actually decrease efficiency.
In economics, the Baumol effect, also known as Baumol's cost disease, first described by William J. Baumol and William G. Bowen in the 1960s, is the tendency for wages in jobs that have experienced little or no increase in labor productivity to rise in response to rising wages in other jobs that did experience high productivity growth.
Average physical product (APP), marginal physical product (MPP) In economics and in particular neoclassical economics, the marginal product or marginal physical productivity of an input (factor of production) is the change in output resulting from employing one more unit of a particular input (for instance, the change in output when a firm's labor is increased from five to six units), assuming ...
TFP is calculated by dividing output by the weighted geometric average of labour and capital input, with the standard weighting of 0.7 for labour and 0.3 for capital. [3] Total factor productivity is a measure of productive efficiency in that it measures how much output can be produced from a certain amount of inputs.
Labor-power might be seen as a stock which can produce a flow of labor. Labor, not labor power, is the key factor of production for Marx and the basis for earlier economists' labor theory of value. The hiring of labor power only results in the production of goods or services ("use-values") when organized and regulated (often by the "management ...