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Bearing compass (18th century). The era of European and American voyages of scientific exploration followed the Age of Discovery [1] and were inspired by a new confidence in science and reason that arose in the Age of Enlightenment.
2009 – Azerbaijan Scientific Expedition, Huseyngulu Baghirov and Tarlan Ramazanov became the first Muslims and Turks to reach the South Pole on foot. [31] [32] 2009 – Kaspersky Commonwealth Antarctic Expedition, largest and most international group of women to ski to South Pole. 2009 – Second Venezuelan Scientific Expedition to Antarctica.
The routes of Captain James Cook's voyages. The first voyage is shown in red, second voyage in green, and third voyage in blue. The route of Cook's crew following his death is shown as a dashed blue line. British explorer James Cook, who had been the first to map the North Atlantic island of Newfoundland, spent a dozen years in the Pacific Ocean.
The Novara expedition of 1857–1859 was the first large-scale scientific, around-the-world mission of the Austrian Imperial navy. Authorized by Archduke Maximillian , the journey lasted 2 years 4 months, from 30 April 1857 until 30 August 1859.
1866–68 – A group of French colonial officers, led by Ernest Doudard de Lagrée, undertakes a naval exploration and scientific expedition of the Mekong River and into Southern China. [121] 1869 – American naturalist John Wesley Powell leads the first expedition to travel the entire length of the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon.
The Ross expedition was a voyage of scientific exploration of the Antarctic in 1839 to 1843, led by James Clark Ross, with two unusually strong warships, ...
Library of 19th Century Science. Archived from the original on 13 March 2009. Primary reports, accounts, and letters "Report Of The Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76". Library of 19th Century Science. Archived from the original on 7 July 2005. Philip F. Rehbock, ed. (1992).
This category includes expeditions whose primary or secondary purpose is scientific research and discovery, such as the Expedición Botánica al Virreinato del Perú or Charles Darwin's voyages on the Beagle. The category does not include commercial expeditions, such as some of the early whaling expeditions to Antarctica.