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622 CE / 0-1 H - Muhammad migrates from Mecca to Medina, with followers . [4] 7th C. - Masjid al-Haram architectural components began. 625-629 : Pilgrim mosques built in numerous countries like (Kerala) India & in China by early disciples of Muhammad. Pilgrimage of Muslims to Mecca per Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. [3] 11 December: Liberation of Mecca.
Mecca has been referred to by many names. As with many Arabic words, its etymology is obscure. [24] Widely believed to be a synonym for Makkah, it is said to be more specifically the early name for the valley located therein, while Muslim scholars generally use it to refer to the sacred area of the city that immediately surrounds and includes the Ka'bah.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 11 February 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
The earliest extant records seem to place Ali before Abu Bakr, according to the Islamicist Robert Gleave. [4] Nevertheless, the Sunni–Shia disagreement over this matter has an obvious polemical dimension, [17] [4] and Abu Bakr's status after the death of Muhammad might have been reflected back into the early Islamic records. [2] [18]
Nevertheless, Mecca and Medina remained the spiritually most important places in the Muslim world. The Quran requires every able-bodied Muslim who can afford it, as one of the five pillars of Islam, to make a pilgrimage, or Hajj, to Mecca during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah, at least once in his or her lifetime. [29]
Most of the Arabian peninsula, including Mecca and Medina, though not incorporated into either a British or French colonial mandate, fell under the control of another British ally, Ibn Saud, who in 1932, founded the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In the early 20th century, Syria and Egypt made moves towards independence.
Human history is long and complicated enough that things which end up affecting us every single day are sometimes wholly unknown to the vast majority of people.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.