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Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen (n) to glucose-1-phosphate and glycogen (n-1). Glycogen branches are catabolized by the sequential removal of glucose monomers via phosphorolysis , by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase .
Glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycogenolysis in animals by releasing glucose-1-phosphate from the terminal alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond. Glycogen phosphorylase is also studied as a model protein regulated by both reversible phosphorylation and allosteric effects.
Glycogenesis is the process of glycogen synthesis or the process of converting glucose into glycogen in which glucose molecules are added to chains of glycogen for storage.
Conversely, glycogenesis is enhanced and glycogenolysis inhibited when there are high levels of insulin in the blood. [ 15 ] The level of circulatory glucose (known informally as "blood sugar"), as well as the detection of nutrients in the Duodenum is the most important factor determining the amount of glucagon or insulin produced.
Glucose-6-phosphate is the product of glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis, where the goal is to increase free glucose in the blood due body being in catabolic state. Other cells such as muscle and brain cells do not contain glucose 6-phosphatase.
This process is called glycogenolysis. Liver cells, or hepatocytes, have glucagon receptors which allow for glucagon to attach to them and thus stimulate glycogenolysis. [13] Contrary to insulin, which is produced by pancreatic β-cells, glucagon is produced by pancreatic α-cells. [14]
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178 77559 Ensembl ENSG00000162688 ENSMUSG00000033400 UniProt P35573 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000028 NM_000642 NM_000643 NM_000644 NM_000645 NM_000646 NM_001081326 NM_001362367 RefSeq (protein) NP_000019 NP_000633 NP_000634 NP_000635 NP_000637 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 99.85 – 99.92 Mb Chr 3: 116.53 – 116.6 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse The glycogen debranching ...