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In nuclear physics, the island of stability is a predicted set of isotopes of superheavy elements that may have considerably longer half-lives than known isotopes of these elements. It is predicted to appear as an "island" in the chart of nuclides , separated from known stable and long-lived primordial radionuclides .
In the periodic table of the elements, it is expected to be an s-block element, an alkaline earth metal, and the second element in the eighth period. It has attracted attention because of some predictions that it may be in the island of stability. Unbinilium has not yet been synthesized, despite multiple attempts from German and Russian teams.
Livermorium is expected to be near an island of stability centered on copernicium (element 112) and flerovium (element 114). [85] [86] Due to the expected high fission barriers, any nucleus within this island of stability exclusively decays by alpha decay and perhaps some electron capture and beta decay. [4]
It is predicted that the heavy isotopes 291 Cn and 293 Cn may have half-lives longer than a few decades, for they are predicted to lie near the center of the theoretical island of stability, and may have been produced in the r-process and be detectable in cosmic rays, though they would be about 10 −12 times as abundant as lead.
Scientists have long searched for long-lived heavy isotopes outside of the valley of stability, [6] [7] [8] hypothesized by Glenn T. Seaborg in the late 1960s. [9] [10] These relatively stable nuclides are expected to have particular configurations of "magic" atomic and neutron numbers, and form a so-called island of stability.
The island of stability in nuclear physics is a predicted set of isotopes of superheavy elements whose half-lives may be considerably longer than those experimentally observed for these elements. Its theoretical existence is attributed to stabilizing effects of closed nuclear shells and magic numbers of protons and neutrons .
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Other islands of stability beyond the known elements may also be possible, including one theorised around element 164, though the extent of stabilizing effects from closed nuclear shells is uncertain. It is not clear how many elements beyond the expected island of stability are physically possible, whether period 8 is complete, or if there is a ...