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A varus deformity is an excessive inward angulation (medial angulation, that is, towards the body's midline) of the distal segment of a bone or joint. The opposite of varus is called valgus. The terms varus and valgus always refer to the direction that the distal segment of the joint points.
A chihuahua with a valgus deformity in the left forelimb. Valgus is a term for outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint. The opposite condition is called varus, which is a medial deviation of the distal bone. The terms "varus" and "valgus" always refer to the direction in which the distal segment of the joint points.
A bunion, also known as hallux valgus, is a deformity of the MTP joint connecting the big toe to the foot. [2] The big toe often bends towards the other toes and the joint becomes red and painful. [2] The onset of bunions is typically gradual. [2] Complications may include bursitis or arthritis. [2] The exact cause is unclear. [1]
Pes cavus is a multiplanar foot deformity characterised by an abnormally high medial longitudinal arch. Pes cavus commonly features a varus (inverted) hindfoot, a plantarflexed position of the first metatarsal, an adducted forefoot, and dorsal contracture of the toes.
Pronation is a natural movement of the foot that occurs during foot landing while running or walking. Composed of three cardinal plane components: subtalar eversion, ankle dorsiflexion, and forefoot abduction, [1] [2] these three distinct motions of the foot occur simultaneously during the pronation phase. [3]
Adductus: the forefoot curves inwards toward the big toe. 3 Varus: the heel is inverted, or turned in, forcing one to walk on the outside of the foot. This is a natural motion but in clubfoot the foot is fixed in this position. 4 Equinus: the foot is pointed downward, forcing one to walk on tiptoe. This motion occurs naturally, but in clubfoot ...
The forefoot is the anterior aspect of the foot, composed of the five metatarsal bones, the fourteen phalanges and associated soft tissue structures. [1] [2] It is a common site of pathology in podiatry, and is the anatomic region involved in such conditions as hallux valgus, hallux rigidus, and Morton's neuroma, among others. [3]
In this approach, the foot may be described in three segments: as the hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot. The hindfoot is the most proximal and posterior portion of the foot. [ 22 ] Functionally, the structures contained in this region are typically robust, possessing a larger size and girth than the other structures of the foot.