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Film studios have pressured the MPAA to retire the NC-17 rating, because of its likely impact on their film's box office revenue. [81] [82] In 2010, the MPAA controversially decided to give the film Blue Valentine an NC-17 rating. The Weinstein Company challenged this decision, and the MPAA ended up awarding the same cut an R rating on appeal.
Most countries have some form of rating system that issues determinations variously known as certifications, classifications, certificates, or ratings. Age recommendations, of either an advisory or restrictive capacity, are often applied in lieu of censorship ; in some jurisdictions movie theaters may have a legal obligation to enforce ...
The MPAA appointed Jack Valenti, former aide to President Lyndon Johnson, as president of the MPAA in 1966. [29] In 1968, Valenti replaced the Production Code with a system of voluntary film ratings , in order to limit censorship of Hollywood films and provide parents with information about the appropriateness of films for children. [ 30 ]
Rescissions occur most often in the form of re-ratings after edits, re-ratings on appeals, or studios surrendering the rating to leave the film unrated. The list provides the reason the rating was given for some films. The MPA began publishing the reasons for R ratings in 1990, [3] [4] and for all film ratings starting in 2000. [5] [6]
The following is a list of R-rated animated films that have surpassed $1 million at the box office; TV-MA-rated, the television equivalent of the Motion Picture Association R-rating, is also included on the list. 2016 is the most frequent year with two films, and over two-thirds were released after the year 2000.
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This certification is mainly for compliance staff, HIPAA consultants, HIPAA auditors and HIPAA Compliance officer. Certified Health Physicist CHP Certification as a professional health physicist awarded by the American Board of Health Physics and the American Academy of Health Physics. [56] Diplomate of the American Board of Health Physics DABHP
The Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP) [a] is a trade association based in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California, that represents over 350 American television and film production companies in collective bargaining negotiations with entertainment industry trade unions that include, among others, SAG-AFTRA, the Directors Guild of America, the Writers Guild of America ...