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In neuroanatomy, the maxillary nerve (V 2) is one of the three branches or divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth (CN V) cranial nerve.It comprises the principal functions of sensation from the maxilla, nasal cavity, sinuses, the palate and subsequently that of the mid-face, [1] and is intermediate, both in position and size, between the ophthalmic nerve and the mandibular nerve.
The posterior superior alveolar nerves (also posterior superior dental nerves or posterior superior alveolar branches [citation needed]) are sensory branches of the maxillary nerve (CN V 2). They arise within the pterygopalatine fossa as a single trunk. They run on or in the maxilla.
The zygomatic branches of the facial nerve (malar branches) are nerves of the face. They run across the zygomatic bone to the lateral angle of the orbit. Here, they supply the orbicularis oculi muscle, and join with filaments from the lacrimal nerve and the zygomaticofacial branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V 2).
In neuroanatomy, the trigeminal nerve (lit. triplet nerve), also known as the fifth cranial nerve, cranial nerve V, or simply CN V, is a cranial nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing; it is the most complex of the cranial nerves.
The two pterygopalatine nerves (or sphenopalatine branches) descend to the pterygopalatine ganglion. [1] Although it is closely related to the pterygopalatine ganglion, it is still considered a branch of the maxillary nerve and does not synapse in the ganglion. [2] It is found in the pterygopalatine fossa. [3]
The trigeminal nerve is a mixed cranial nerve responsible for sensory data such as tactition (pressure), thermoception (temperature), and nociception (pain) originating from the face above the jawline; it is also responsible for the motor function of the muscles of mastication, the muscles involved in chewing but not facial expression.
The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V 2), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V); [2] it may be considered as the terminal branch of the maxillary nerve. [3] It arises from the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa. [2]
The anterior superior alveolar nerve (or anterior superior dental nerve) is a branch of the infraorbital nerve (itself a branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V 2)). [1] It passes through the canalis sinuosus to reach and innervate upper front teeth. Through its nasal branch, it also innervates parts of the nasal cavity.